- This course will enhance your understanding of the implications of evolutionary theory for a whole range of philosophical, political and social issues;
- It will teach you the prehistory, history and contemporary developments of evolutionary thought;
- It will help you develop an understanding of philosophical, psychological, political and ethical objections to evolutionary theory, and of the possible answer by biologists and philosophers to these objections;
- It will, quite generally, allow you to view your discipline within a larger philosophical and historical perspective;
- Finally, you will be trained in analyzing historical and philosophical texts, in engaging orally and in written form in conceptual analysis, and in responding in a coherent manner and in concise and correct English, Dutch or German prose to specific questions related to the theme of course.
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Charles Darwin's "On the Origin of Species" (1859) claimed that all life forms had developed by means of a blind process of competition and natural selection. Famously, this claim has triggered a whole range of problems and questions, many of which fall outside of the domain of biology. This course is devoted to the most important set of problems, namely to the implications of the Darwinist view and of evolutionary theory more broadly for the place of humans in general and of the human mind in particular.
Questions that arose already in 1859 are still discussed today: What remains of the traditional concept of "soul"? What role does "mind" play in the evolutionary account? How did the human mind evolve and does a Darwinist account suffice to explain its evolution?
Or is it rather a meta-biological phenomenon demanding a meta-biological explanation and if so, what kind of explanation should we look for? Are mental abilities anything else than bodily features, and if so, do they provide an alternative selection criterion?
Furthermore, are our thoughts and mental deliberations anything else than just highly developed instinctive patterns or are they something qualitatively different and if so, what accounts for this difference? And how about our ideas of human freedom and of moral responsibility from an evolutionary perspective?
More generally, what are the implications of the evolutionary perspective, Darwinist or otherwise, for epistemology, ethics, politics and religion? Should we, for example, take "evolution into our own hands," as the eugenic movement has claimed and today's transhumanists repeat? Should our legislation reinforce the survival of the fittest, or instead combat it?
In this course, we will look at a range of answers that have been given to these questions, from Darwin's own time up to our own and discussing both Darwinist and non-Darwinist accounts of human evolution, particularly focusing on the idea that human evolution is not so much to be understood in terms of bio-evolution but of techno-evolution.
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